The Application Process
Crafting Your Application
Your application materials are often the first impression employers have of you. A well-crafted resume and cover letter can open doors to interviews, while networking strategically can significantly increase your chances of success.
Resume Writing
Your resume is often the first impression employers have of you. A well-crafted resume can open doors to interviews, while a poorly written one can close them before you even get a chance to speak.
Essential Resume Components
Header & Contact Information
Include your full name, professional email address, phone number, and LinkedIn profile URL. Make sure your email address is professional (firstname.lastname@email.com).
Education Section
List your current university, expected graduation date, major, GPA (if 3.5 or higher), relevant coursework, and academic honors or dean's list recognition.
Experience Section
List relevant work experience, internships, and leadership roles. Use action verbs and quantify achievements whenever possible. Focus on results and impact, not just responsibilities.
Skills & Certifications
Highlight technical skills (Excel, QuickBooks, SAP), relevant software proficiency, languages, and any certifications (CPA exam credits, relevant coursework certificates).
π‘ Resume Tips
- Keep it to one page for internships (two pages acceptable for seniors)
- Use a clean, professional format with consistent formatting
- Proofread multiple times - spelling and grammar errors are unacceptable
- Tailor your resume to each specific position you apply for
- Use strong action verbs and quantify achievements
- Save as PDF to preserve formatting across devices
- Have multiple people review it before submitting
Cover Letters
A well-written cover letter complements your resume by showing your genuine interest in the position and explaining why you're a good fit for the role and company.
Cover Letter Structure
1. Header & Greeting
- Include your contact information and date
- Address to a specific person when possible (hiring manager, recruiter)
- Use "Dear [Name]" if you know the person, "Dear Hiring Manager" as a fallback
2. Opening Paragraph
- State the position you're applying for
- Mention where you learned about the opportunity
- Include a brief hook that grabs attention
- Express genuine enthusiasm for the role
3. Body Paragraphs (2-3 paragraphs)
- Explain why you're interested in the company and role
- Highlight relevant experiences and skills that match the job description
- Provide specific examples of achievements
- Connect your background to what the company is looking for
4. Closing Paragraph
- Reiterate your interest in the position
- Thank them for their time and consideration
- Express willingness to discuss further in an interview
- Include a professional closing (Sincerely, Best regards)
β οΈ Common Cover Letter Mistakes to Avoid
- Generic, template letters that don't address the specific company
- Repeating your entire resume verbatim
- Typos, grammatical errors, or formatting issues
- Being too casual or using informal language
- Focusing only on what you want, not what you can offer
- Making it too long (keep to one page)
Networking Strategies
Networking is crucial for landing internships in accounting. Many positions are filled through referrals and connections rather than traditional applications. Building relationships early can significantly increase your chances of success.
Effective Networking Approaches
Career Fairs & Events
Attend all career fairs, firm presentations, and networking events on campus. Come prepared with copies of your resume, research firms beforehand, and have thoughtful questions ready.
LinkedIn Networking
Build a professional LinkedIn profile and connect with recruiters, alumni, and professionals at firms you're interested in. Engage with their content and send personalized connection requests.
Alumni Connections
Reach out to alumni from your school who work at target firms. Alumni are often more willing to help students from their alma mater. Ask for informational interviews or advice.
Informational Interviews
Request 15-30 minute informational interviews with professionals to learn about their career path, the firm culture, and get advice. These can lead to referrals and interview opportunities.
β Networking Best Practices
- Start early - don't wait until recruiting season
- Be genuine and authentic in your interactions
- Always send thank-you notes after networking events
- Follow up periodically to maintain relationships
- Offer to help others when possible - networking is reciprocal
- Keep track of your contacts and interactions
- Be patient - relationships take time to develop
Application Timing
Timing is critical when applying for internships. Many firms have specific recruiting timelines, and applying at the right time can significantly impact your chances of success.
Key Recruiting Timelines
Big 4 & Top Firms
- Postings: Often appear 12-18 months before the internship start date
- Application Deadline: Typically late fall (September-November) for summer internships
- Interview Season: October-December for summer positions
- Offers: Usually extended in November-December
Regional & Mid-Size Firms
- Postings: Vary widely, often 6-12 months in advance
- Application Deadline: May extend into spring semester
- Interview Season: Often more flexible, can occur spring semester
- Offers: More rolling timeline, less structured than Big 4
Small Firms & Local Companies
- Postings: Often appear closer to the start date (2-6 months in advance)
- Application Deadline: More flexible, may accept applications year-round
- Interview Season: Less structured, can happen anytime
- Offers: Rolling basis, often quicker decision-making process
When to Apply
π Application Timeline Recommendations
- Summer Before Target Year: Research firms, update resume, start networking
- Early Fall (August-September): Begin submitting applications as soon as positions post
- Fall Semester: Focus on Big 4 and top firms (primary recruiting season)
- Late Fall/Early Spring: Continue applying to regional and mid-size firms
- Spring Semester: Apply to smaller firms and keep options open
- Always: Apply as soon as you see a posting - don't wait until the deadline
π‘ Timing Tips
- Set up job alerts on company career pages and job boards
- Check career pages regularly - positions can fill quickly
- Apply early in the recruiting cycle when possible
- Don't wait until the deadline - earlier applications often have an advantage
- Track application deadlines in a spreadsheet or calendar
- Follow up on applications if you haven't heard back after a few weeks
Acing Your Interview
Proper preparation is the foundation of a successful interview. The more prepared you are, the more confident and relaxed you'll feel, allowing your personality and qualifications to shine through.
Interview Preparation
Pre-Interview Checklist
Research the Company
Thoroughly research the firm's history, services, clients, culture, recent news, and values. Understand their position in the market and what sets them apart from competitors.
Know the Position
Review the job description thoroughly and understand the role's responsibilities, required skills, and how your background aligns. Prepare to discuss why you're interested in this specific position.
Prepare Your Answers
Practice answers to common interview questions using the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result). Prepare specific examples from your experiences that demonstrate key competencies.
Prepare Questions to Ask
Prepare thoughtful questions about the role, team, company culture, growth opportunities, and what success looks like in the position. Asking good questions shows genuine interest and engagement.
π Day-of-Interview Checklist
- Confirm interview time, location, and format (in-person, virtual, phone)
- Prepare professional attire - business professional for accounting firms
- Bring multiple copies of your resume
- Bring a notepad and pen to take notes
- Arrive 10-15 minutes early (or log in 5 minutes early for virtual)
- Have questions prepared and written down
- Turn off phone or put it on silent
- Test technology in advance if virtual interview
Understanding Firm Hierarchy
Understanding the organizational structure of accounting firms helps you navigate your internship, know who you're working with, and set realistic career goals. Here's the typical hierarchy in accounting firms.
Associate / Staff Accountant
Entry Level Position
- Typically new graduates or first-year employees
- Perform basic accounting tasks and assist with client work
- Work directly on audit, tax, or advisory engagements
- Responsible for data entry, documentation, and routine assignments
- Learn firm procedures and build foundational skills
- Usually work under close supervision of seniors
Senior Associate / Senior Staff
Mid-Level Position (2-4 years)
- Experienced professionals with 2-4 years of experience
- Take on more complex assignments and client interactions
- Supervise and review work of associates
- Begin to manage smaller engagements independently
- Mentor junior staff and assist with training
- Often pursuing CPA licensure if not already certified
Manager
Leadership Role (4-7 years)
- Oversee multiple engagements and client relationships
- Review and sign off on work performed by seniors and associates
- Communicate directly with clients on engagement matters
- Manage project timelines, budgets, and team resources
- Contribute to business development and client retention
- Typically CPA-certified with extensive experience
Senior Manager
Senior Leadership (7+ years)
- Lead complex, high-profile client engagements
- Strategic planning and decision-making for engagements
- Strong focus on business development and client relationships
- Mentor managers and other staff members
- Contribute to firm-wide initiatives and policies
- Serve as technical expert and resource for complex issues
Partner
Ownership Level
- Own equity stake in the firm
- Make strategic firm-wide decisions
- Primary responsibility for client acquisition and retention
- Set firm direction, culture, and business strategy
- Share in firm profits and losses
- Represent the firm externally and internally
- Final decision-making authority on major engagements
Career Progression Tips
Understanding how to advance
- Most firms have clear promotion timelines (typically every 2-3 years)
- CPA license is typically required for manager level and above
- Performance, client service, and leadership skills drive advancement
- Partnership is typically achieved after 10+ years of exceptional performance
- Specialization in niche areas can accelerate career progression
- Business development skills become increasingly important at senior levels
Common Interview Questions
While every interview is unique, certain questions come up consistently. Preparing thoughtful answers to these common questions will help you feel confident and make a strong impression.
Frequently Asked Questions
"Tell me about yourself."
- What they're looking for: A concise overview of your background, relevant experiences, and why you're interested in accounting
- Structure: Brief personal introduction β Academic background β Relevant experiences β Why accounting/this firm
- Keep it to: 1-2 minutes, relevant to the position
- Avoid: Personal details unrelated to career, rambling
"Why are you interested in this position/firm?"
- What they're looking for: Genuine interest, research about the company, understanding of the role
- Include: Specific aspects of the firm that appeal to you, how the role aligns with your goals, what you can contribute
- Show: You've done research and understand the firm's culture and values
"Why did you choose accounting?"
- What they're looking for: Genuine interest, understanding of the field, career commitment
- Include: What drew you to accounting, relevant experiences, long-term career goals
- Show: Passion for the field and understanding of what accounting entails
"What are your strengths?"
- What they're looking for: Self-awareness, strengths relevant to the position, examples
- Structure: Name strength β Provide specific example β Explain how it's relevant to the role
- Focus on: Technical skills, soft skills relevant to accounting (attention to detail, analytical thinking)
"What is your greatest weakness?"
- What they're looking for: Self-awareness, growth mindset, honesty
- Strategy: Choose a real weakness that's not critical to the role β Explain steps you're taking to improve β Show progress
- Avoid: ClichΓ©d answers ("I'm a perfectionist"), weaknesses that raise red flags
"Where do you see yourself in 5 years?"
- What they're looking for: Career goals, ambition, alignment with firm's path
- Include: Career progression goals, interest in pursuing CPA, desire to grow within the firm
- Show: Realistic goals that align with the firm's career development opportunities
"Tell me about a time when..." (Behavioral Questions)
- Common topics: Leadership, teamwork, problem-solving, handling pressure, conflict resolution, time management
- Use STAR method: Situation, Task, Action, Result
- Prepare: 3-5 strong examples from various experiences (work, school, clubs)
"Do you have any questions for us?"
- Always have questions: Shows interest and engagement
- Good questions: About the role, team dynamics, company culture, training programs, growth opportunities
- Avoid: Questions about salary, benefits, time off in early interviews
- Prepare: 3-5 thoughtful questions to ask
Behavioral Interview Tips
Behavioral interviews are common in accounting recruiting. They assess how you've handled situations in the past to predict future performance. Using the STAR method effectively is key to answering these questions well.
The STAR Method
Situation
Set the context. Describe a specific situation, project, or challenge you faced. Keep it concise but provide enough detail for the interviewer to understand the context.
Task
Explain your responsibility or role in the situation. What was your specific task or goal? What challenges or constraints did you face?
Action
Describe the specific actions you took to address the situation. Use "I" statements and focus on what you did, not what the team did. This is the most important part.
Result
Explain the outcome of your actions. Quantify results when possible. What did you learn? How did it impact the team or organization?
Common Behavioral Question Topics
π Prepare Examples For These Scenarios
- Working in a team
- Demonstrating leadership
- Handling conflict or disagreement
- Working under pressure or tight deadlines
- Problem-solving or overcoming obstacles
- Managing multiple priorities
- Dealing with failure or mistakes
- Taking initiative
- Adapting to change
- Working with difficult people
- Making a difficult decision
- Going above and beyond
β Behavioral Interview Best Practices
- Prepare 5-7 strong examples covering various competencies
- Practice telling your stories out loud using the STAR method
- Keep answers focused and concise (2-3 minutes per story)
- Use recent examples when possible (within last 2-3 years)
- Be specific and avoid vague or generic responses
- Focus on your actions and contributions, not just the team's
- If you don't have direct work experience, use academic projects, club leadership, or volunteer experiences
- Stay positive - even when discussing challenges or failures, focus on what you learned
Virtual Interview Tips & Etiquette
Virtual interviews have become standard in the accounting recruiting process. Mastering virtual interview etiquette is essential for making a strong impression. Here are key tips for excelling in video interviews.
Technical Preparation
Technology Setup
- Test your internet connection well in advance
- Ensure your device (laptop, tablet, or phone) is fully charged
- Download and test the video platform (Zoom, Teams, Google Meet) beforehand
- Have a backup device ready in case of technical issues
- Test your microphone and camera quality
- Close unnecessary applications to optimize performance
Environment Setup
- Choose a quiet, private location with minimal distractions
- Ensure good lighting - natural light facing you is ideal
- Use a neutral, professional background (or virtual background)
- Remove clutter and personal items from view
- Position camera at eye level for natural eye contact
- Inform household members to avoid interruptions
Professional Appearance
Dress for Success
- Dress professionally from head to toe (even if only top is visible)
- Wear solid colors that look good on camera (avoid bright patterns)
- Business professional attire is expected (suit or business attire)
- Pay attention to grooming - hair, makeup, accessories
- Wear what you would wear to an in-person interview
- Avoid loud colors or distracting jewelry
Virtual Interview Best Practices
Before the Interview
- Join the call 2-3 minutes early (not too early)
- Have your resume and notes easily accessible
- Prepare questions in advance and have them visible
- Turn off notifications and close unnecessary tabs
- Have a glass of water nearby
- Do a final check of your appearance and background
During the Interview
- Maintain eye contact by looking at the camera, not the screen
- Smile and show enthusiasm through facial expressions
- Sit up straight and maintain good posture
- Speak clearly and slightly slower than normal
- Avoid excessive hand gestures (can be distracting on camera)
- Listen actively and avoid interrupting
- Take brief notes if needed, but remain engaged
Common Virtual Interview Mistakes to Avoid
β Things to Avoid
- Poor lighting or bad camera angle
- Unprofessional or distracting background
- Dressing casually or inappropriately
- Technical difficulties due to lack of preparation
- Looking at your own video instead of the camera
- Eating, chewing gum, or drinking (except water)
- Checking your phone or other devices
- Allowing interruptions from others
- Bad internet connection due to multiple devices using bandwidth
- Forgetting to mute when not speaking (if others are in room)
Virtual Interview Etiquette Tips
Communication
- Wait for the interviewer to finish speaking before responding
- Use verbal cues ("I understand," "That's a great question") since body language is limited
- If you need a moment to think, it's okay to pause briefly
- Speak clearly and avoid talking over the interviewer
- If technical issues occur, politely inform the interviewer
- Keep your responses concise and focused
Body Language
- Maintain good posture throughout the interview
- Nod occasionally to show engagement and understanding
- Keep your hands visible but avoid fidgeting
- Use natural, minimal gestures
- Don't slouch or lean too far back
- Project confidence through your body language
Questions to Ask at the End of Interviews
Asking thoughtful questions at the end of an interview is crucial. It demonstrates your interest, shows you've done research, and helps you determine if the role and firm are the right fit for you. Always prepare 3-5 questions in advance.
Questions About the Role
- "Can you describe what a typical day or week looks like in this internship role?" - Helps you understand daily responsibilities and workflow
- "What are the main projects or assignments I would be working on?" - Shows interest in the actual work you'll be doing
- "What skills or qualities are most important for success in this position?" - Helps you understand what they're really looking for
- "What are the biggest challenges someone in this role typically faces?" - Demonstrates you're thinking critically about the position
- "How does this internship role interact with other teams or departments?" - Shows understanding of organizational structure
- "What does success look like in this internship, and how is performance evaluated?" - Important for understanding expectations
Questions About Training & Development
- "What training or onboarding process can I expect?" - Shows interest in learning and preparation
- "What opportunities are there for professional development and learning?" - Demonstrates long-term thinking
- "How does the firm support interns in pursuing their CPA license?" - Specific to accounting and shows career planning
- "What mentoring or guidance is available for interns?" - Shows you value learning from experienced professionals
- "Are there opportunities to attend training sessions, workshops, or conferences?" - Shows commitment to continuous learning
Questions About the Team & Culture
- "Can you tell me about the team I would be working with?" - Helps you understand the work environment
- "What do you enjoy most about working at this firm?" - Gives insight into company culture and personal perspective
- "How would you describe the firm's culture and values?" - Important for cultural fit
- "How does the team collaborate and communicate?" - Shows interest in working dynamics
- "What makes someone successful in this firm's environment?" - Helps you understand what's valued
Questions About Growth & Future Opportunities
- "What opportunities exist for interns who perform well to continue with the firm full-time?" - Shows interest in long-term potential
- "Can you tell me about career progression paths for someone starting in this role?" - Demonstrates career planning
- "How does the firm support interns transitioning to full-time roles?" - Important for understanding conversion opportunities
- "What types of career paths have previous interns taken?" - Gives concrete examples of opportunities
- "Are there opportunities to work in different service lines or departments?" - Shows interest in diverse experiences
Questions About the Firm & Industry
- "What sets this firm apart from other accounting firms?" - Shows you're evaluating multiple options
- "What are the firm's goals and priorities for the upcoming year?" - Demonstrates strategic thinking
- "How does the firm stay competitive in the industry?" - Shows business awareness
- "Can you tell me about recent firm initiatives or changes?" - Shows you're keeping up with firm news
Questions About Next Steps
- "What are the next steps in the interview process?" - Important practical question
- "What is the timeline for making a decision?" - Helps with planning and follow-up
- "Is there anything else you'd like me to clarify or provide?" - Shows willingness to help
π‘ Tips for Asking Questions
- Write down 5-7 questions in advance, as some may be answered during the interview
- Listen actively - your questions may evolve based on what you learn during the interview
- Ask follow-up questions to show engagement (e.g., "That's interesting, can you tell me more about...?")
- Prioritize your most important questions first in case time runs short
- Make questions specific to the firm and role, not generic
- Show enthusiasm and genuine curiosity
- Take brief notes on their answers
β Questions to Avoid
- Questions about salary, benefits, or vacation time (save for later stages or offer discussions)
- Questions that are easily answered by the company website (shows you didn't do research)
- "How many hours do people work?" (can come across as not wanting to work hard)
- "What do you do here?" (too vague and shows lack of preparation)
- Anything that could be perceived as negative or critical of the firm
- Questions about personal information of interviewers
Follow-up Strategies
Following up after an interview is crucial for maintaining momentum and showing continued interest. A well-crafted follow-up can reinforce your candidacy and keep you top of mind with the hiring team.
Thank-You Notes
Timing
- Send within 24 hours of the interview
- Email is typically preferred (faster delivery, professional)
- If you have contact information, send individual notes to each interviewer
- If you only have a recruiter's email, ask them to forward to the interviewers
Structure
- Subject Line: "Thank You - [Your Name] - [Position Name] Interview"
- Opening: Thank them for their time and the opportunity to interview
- Body: Reference a specific conversation point or moment from the interview
- Reinforce: Briefly reiterate your interest and why you're a good fit
- Closing: Express willingness to provide additional information if needed
What to Include
- Thank them specifically for their time
- Reference something specific discussed in the interview (shows you were engaged)
- Reiterate your interest in the position and company
- Briefly reinforce a key qualification or fit
- Keep it concise (3-4 paragraphs maximum)
What to Avoid
- Generic, template messages
- Repeating your entire resume
- Apologizing unnecessarily
- Asking about the decision timeline (unless they mentioned one)
- Typos or grammatical errors
- Being too casual or informal
Additional Follow-up
β Follow-up Best Practices
- Personalize each thank-you note (don't send identical emails)
- Keep follow-up emails brief and respectful
- Don't overdo it - 2-3 follow-ups maximum unless they encourage more
- Always be professional and gracious, regardless of outcome
- Connect with interviewers on LinkedIn after the interview (if appropriate)
- If you receive an offer from another firm, you can notify them (may speed up their decision)
- If rejected, thank them for the opportunity and ask for feedback if appropriate